Deteksi Dini Lesi Pra-Kanker dan Kanker Rongga Mulut pada Pasien Perokok Kretek di Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Mulut Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan Universitas Jember pada Tahun 2024

Abstract

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Despite the known health risks, the prevalence of smoking, especially kretek cigarettes, continues to rise in Indonesia. Kretek cigarettes have high tar and nicotine. These substances can lead to oral lesions, which may progress into malignancies like oral cancer. Early detection of precancerous lesions and oral cancer is crucial for improving prognosis and survival rates. This study aimed to detect early signs of precancerous lesions and oral cancer in kretek smokers. The methodology used in this study is observational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine, Dental and Oral Teaching Hospital, University of Jember with a sample size of 31 patients from September to November 2024. This study is using a purposive sampling. Early detection was conducted through clinical examination using a dental mouth mirror, followed by further evaluation using a VELscope. The results of the study showed that no pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions were detected in the participants. The most common lesions observed were smoker's melanosis (61,23%), nicotine stomatitis (26,53%), and hyperkeratosis (10,20%). There was one patient who did not present any lesions in their oral cavity. This study did not find any cases of precancerous lesions or oral cancer among the participants. The absence of malignant lesions may be due to several factors, including the relatively small sample size, short duration of smoking, frequency, lifestyle, and genetics.